Regional variations determine the extent of gender pay gaps, August 2017
Magaela C. Bethune, MS, MPA
While The United Methodist Church (UMC) membership is comprised 58% of women (Goodrich, 2017), women made up 28.4% of UMC clergy positions in 2015. This is only a slight increase from 2003 and 2008 figures, which estimated clergywomen’s representation to be 24% (Moy, 2010). While women remain underrepresented in clergy roles overall, there is variation in how clergy are distributed by gender across the country. Further, there is regional variation in how clergywomen are compensated, in comparison to clergymen. Led by the General Commission on the Status and Role of Women (GCSRW), a recent study used 2015 nationwide data provided by Wespath Benefits and Investments [1] to determine geographic trends in clergywomen’s compensation. Researcher Magaela C. Bethune [2] used quantitative analytical methods to examine the influence of gender and geography on the composition and compensation of UMC clergy.
Demographics
In 2015, 11,235 U.S. clergypersons were included in a sample provided by Wespath; 28.4% were women, and 71.6% were men. The membership types of clergypersons included 43.4% full-time local pastors; 3.4% deacons; 50.3% elders; and, 2.9% associate members. Across the U.S., 35.5% of clergypersons were from the Southeastern jurisdiction; 20.7% North Central; 19.4% South Central; 16.9% Northeastern; and, 7.5% Western. On average, clergypersons were 54.2 years old, had a length of service of 19.8 years, and received an annual salary of $57,512.
Gender Distribution Across the United States
Clergywomen of The United Methodist Church are generally underrepresented across the nation.
Gender composition of UMC clergypersons in the U.S. differs across jurisdictions [3]. Gender composition of clergypersons also differs across conference areas [4], with the proportion of women ranging from 13.3% to 49.1%. Table 1 details the gender distribution of clergy across the country, highlighting key differences across all conferences, within and between jurisdictions. Clergywomen are underrepresented in the Southeastern Jurisdiction, which is the largest, while the Western and Northeastern Jurisdictions had relatively higher proportions of clergywomen, when compared to other jurisdictions. Clergywomen were statistically significantly underrepresented in the following annual conferences (relative to all other conferences): Alabama-West Florida, Holston, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Alabama, Northwest Texas, South Georgia, Susquehanna, and Western Pennsylvania.
Clergywomen were underrepresented geographically – relative to other conferences within the respective jurisdictions – in the following conferences: California Pacific (relative to the Western Jurisdiction), Kentucky, North Alabama, and South Georgia (relative to the Southeastern Jurisdiction), Northwest Texas (relative to the South Central Jurisdiction), Susquehanna, West Virginia, and Western Pennsylvania (relative to the Northeastern Jurisdiction) and Indiana (relative to the North Central Jurisdiction).
[1] Wespath Benefits and Investments is an agency of The United Methodist Church.
[2] Magaela C. Bethune is a PhD candidate and researcher in the Department of Human and Organizational Development at Vanderbilt University, and is trained in community-based research methods and approaches.
[3] Chi-square analyses show that the gender composition of UMC clergypersons in the U.S. differs significantly across jurisdictions, Χ 2(4, 11,235) 81.25, p<.001.
[4] Chi-square analyses show that the gender composition of UMC clergypersons in the U.S. differs significantly across conference areas, Χ 2(53, 11,235) 297.01, p<.001.
Gender Pay Gaps Differ by Conference and Jurisdiction
Women, who make up 28.4% of UMC clergy, received 24% of the $822 billion in compensation (e.g., salary, housing allowance, parsonage) paid to UMC clergy in 2015. With few exceptions, a significant pay gap characterizes most jurisdictions across all types of compensation [5]. Tables 2 through 5 list the average salary, total compensation, housing allowance, and parsonage, respectively, by gender for each jurisdiction.
Most jurisdictions reflect substantial gender pay gaps across types of compensation.
Further analysis revealed that, in many annual conference regions, there are statistically significant differences in clergywomen and clergymen’s salary, housing allowance, parsonage, and/or total compensation [6]. Tables 6 through 9 list the average salary, total compensation, housing allowance, and parsonage, respectively, by gender for each of the annual conferences. Noted are the conferences in which women receive significantly less compensation.
Gender Disparities in Compensation Persist in Some Regions
Factors, such as length of service, age of clergy, and membership type might contribute to how clergy members are compensated. Overall – when length of service, age, membership type, and jurisdiction are all held steady - clergywomen still receive, on average, a salary that is almost $4,000 less than clergymen [7]. Analyses were performed to see if, when key factors – age, length of service, and membership type – were controlled, gender still significantly predicted four types of compensation for each jurisdiction. Tables 2 through 5 highlight the jurisdictions, for which gender pay gaps persist, even as these key factors are also considered.
Analyses were also performed to see if, when key factors – age, length of service, and membership type – were controlled, gender still significantly predicted four types of compensation for each annual conference region. Tables 6 through 9 highlight the annual conferences, for which gender pay gaps persist, even as these key factors are also considered.
Annual conference regions with significant gender pay gaps, when key factors are controlled:
SALARY: Arkansas, East Ohio, Florida, Great Plains, Illinois Great Rivers, Indiana, Missouri, North Alabama, North Georgia, North Texas, Rio Texas, South Carolina, South Georgia, Susquehanna, Virginia, and West Ohio.
TOTAL COMPENSATION: Alabama-West Florida, Arkansas, East Ohio, Florida, Great Plains, Holston, Illinois Great Rivers, Indiana, Missouri, North Alabama, North Georgia, South Carolina, South Georgia, Susquehanna, Virginia, West Ohio, and Western North Carolina.
HOUSING: Alabama-West Florida, Eastern Pennsylvania, Mississippi, Missouri, and North Carolina.
PARSONAGE: Arkansas, East Ohio, Great Plains, Illinois Great Rivers, Indiana, Rio Texas, South Carolina, Susquehanna, West Ohio, and Western North Carolina.
[5] Independent sample t-tests were performed for each jurisdiction to examine is the mean difference in clergywomen and clergymen’s salaries, housing allowances, parsonage, and total compensation were statistically significantly different.
[6] Independent sample t-tests were performed for each annual conference region to examine is the mean difference in clergywomen and clergymen’s salaries, housing allowances, parsonage, and total compensation were statistically significantly different.
[7] Multiple regression analysis was used to test if, when controlling for age, years of service, membership type, and jurisdiction – gender was still a significant predictor of 2015 salary for all UMC clergy. Results of the regression indicate that ten predictors were all significant, and explained 23.9% of the variance in salary, (R 2=.24, F(10, 11,225)=354.40, p<.001).
CONCLUSIONS:
There are many variables to consider when analyzing compensation among clergy. Length of service, age, and membership type were controlled in this study. However, education and previous work experience before entering the ministry, as well as race and ethnicity, were not considered. Given the large sample size, as well as the rigorous statistical analysis, it is reasonable that the trends that are reported are valid and reliable for gender compensation comparisons. Moreover, we hope this study will encourage annual conferences to examine their own compensation practices toward the goal of equity for all in The United Methodist Church.
|
Table 1 Gender distribution of U.S. clergy by annual conference, 2015 (N=11,235) |
|||||
|
Women |
Men |
Total |
|||
|
n |
Percent |
n |
Percent |
N |
|
|
NORTH CENTRAL |
|||||
|
DAKOTAS |
25 |
29.8% |
59 |
70.2% |
84 |
|
DETROIT |
52 |
30.6% |
118 |
69.4% |
170 |
|
EAST OHIO |
62 |
26.2% |
175 |
73.8% |
237 |
|
ILLINOIS GREAT RIVERS |
64 |
25.4% |
188 |
74.6% |
252 |
|
INDIANA ac |
71 |
19.8% |
288 |
80.2% |
359 |
|
IOWA bd |
88 |
37.9% |
144 |
62.1% |
232 |
|
MINNESOTA bd |
54 |
40.6% |
79 |
59.4% |
133 |
|
NORTHERN ILLINOIS bd |
76 |
38.4% |
122 |
61.6% |
198 |
|
WEST MICHIGAN |
38 |
33.6% |
75 |
66.4% |
113 |
|
WEST OHIO |
104 |
27.2% |
279 |
72.8% |
383 |
|
WISCONSIN b |
58 |
36.0% |
103 |
64.0% |
161 |
|
NORTH CENTRAL TOTAL |
692 |
29.8% |
1630 |
70.2% |
2322 |
|
NORTHEASTERN f |
|||||
|
BALTIMORE-WASHINGTON bd |
118 |
41.5% |
166 |
58.5% |
284 |
|
EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA |
54 |
30.7% |
122 |
69.3% |
176 |
|
GREATER NEW JERSEY |
66 |
28.0% |
170 |
72.0% |
236 |
|
NEW ENGLAND bd |
57 |
39.9% |
86 |
60.1% |
143 |
|
NEW YORK |
61 |
33.2% |
123 |
66.8% |
184 |
|
PENINSULA-DELAWARE bd |
45 |
41.3% |
64 |
58.7% |
109 |
|
SUSQUEHANNA ac |
42 |
21.4% |
154 |
78.6% |
196 |
|
UPPER NEW YORK bd |
78 |
41.1% |
112 |
58.9% |
190 |
|
WEST VIRGINIA c |
38 |
23.0% |
127 |
77.0% |
165 |
|
WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA ac |
31 |
14.0% |
190 |
86.0% |
221 |
|
NORTHEASTERN TOTAL |
590 |
31.0% |
1314 |
69.0% |
1904 |
|
SOUTH CENTRAL |
|||||
|
ARKANSAS |
44 |
22.7% |
150 |
77.3% |
194 |
|
CENTRAL TEXAS |
51 |
29.1% |
124 |
70.9% |
175 |
|
GREAT PLAINS bd |
111 |
34.0% |
215 |
66.0% |
326 |
|
LOUISIANA |
42 |
28.2% |
107 |
71.8% |
149 |
|
MISSOURI |
60 |
28.2% |
153 |
71.8% |
213 |
|
NEW MEXICO |
13 |
21.3% |
48 |
78.7% |
61 |
|
NORTH TEXAS bd |
76 |
36.5% |
132 |
63.5% |
208 |
|
NORTHWEST TEXAS ac |
10 |
13.3% |
65 |
86.7% |
75 |
|
OKLAHOMA |
59 |
24.5% |
182 |
75.5% |
241 |
|
RIO TEXAS d |
65 |
34.6% |
123 |
65.4% |
188 |
|
TEXAS |
85 |
24.5% |
262 |
75.5% |
347 |
|
SOUTH CENTRAL TOTAL |
616 |
28.3% |
1561 |
71.7% |
2177 |
|
SOUTHEASTERN e |
|||||
|
ALABAMA-WEST FLORIDA a |
39 |
19.0% |
166 |
81.0% |
205 |
|
FLORIDA |
72 |
23.9% |
229 |
76.1% |
301 |
|
HOLSTON a |
63 |
22.9% |
212 |
77.1% |
275 |
|
KENTUCKY ac |
33 |
16.7% |
165 |
83.3% |
198 |
|
MEMPHIS |
25 |
22.1% |
88 |
77.9% |
113 |
|
MISSISSIPPI a |
50 |
19.8% |
202 |
80.2% |
252 |
|
NORTH ALABAMA ac |
42 |
18.4% |
186 |
81.6% |
228 |
|
NORTH CAROLINA |
79 |
26.2% |
222 |
73.8% |
301 |
|
NORTH GEORGIA |
109 |
26.7% |
299 |
73.3% |
408 |
|
SOUTH CAROLINA |
93 |
28.1% |
238 |
71.9% |
331 |
|
SOUTH GEORGIA ac |
34 |
17.4% |
161 |
82.6% |
195 |
|
TENNESSEE |
47 |
27.0% |
127 |
73.0% |
174 |
|
VIRGINIA |
138 |
27.8% |
358 |
72.2% |
496 |
|
WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA d |
148 |
29.0% |
362 |
71.0% |
510 |
|
SOUTHEASTERN TOTAL |
972 |
24.4% |
3015 |
75.6% |
3987 |
|
WESTERN f |
|||||
|
ALASKA UNITED METHODIST |
4 |
33.3% |
8 |
66.7% |
12 |
|
CALIFORNIA-NEVADA b |
72 |
40.9% |
104 |
59.1% |
176 |
|
CALIFORNIA-PACIFIC c |
73 |
30.5% |
166 |
69.5% |
239 |
|
DESERT SOUTHWEST b |
33 |
39.3% |
51 |
60.7% |
84 |
|
OREGON IDAHO b |
32 |
44.4% |
40 |
55.6% |
72 |
|
PACIFIC NORTHWEST bd |
54 |
49.1% |
56 |
50.9% |
110 |
|
ROCKY MOUNTAIN b |
49 |
39.2% |
76 |
60.8% |
125 |
|
YELLOWSTONE b |
7 |
25.9% |
20 |
74.1% |
27 |
|
WESTERN TOTAL |
324 |
38.3% |
521 |
61.7% |
845 |
|
US TOTAL |
3194 |
28.4% |
8041 |
71.6% |
11235 |
athe lower proportion of women represented in these conferences, relative to all U.S. jurisdictions, is statistically significant.
b the higher proportion of women represented in these conferences, relative to all U.S. conferences, is statistically significant.
c the lower proportion of women represented in these conferences, relative to conferences in the same jurisdiction, is statistically significant.
d the higher proportion of women represented in these conferences, relative to conferences in the same jurisdiction, is statistically significant.
e the lower proportion of women represented in these jurisdictions, relative to all U.S. jurisdictions, is statistically significant.
b the higher proportion of women represented in these jurisdictions, relative to all U.S. jurisdictions, is statistically significant
|
Table 2 Average Salary of U.S. Clergymen and Clergywomen, by Jurisdiction, 2015 |
|||
|
|
Average Salary, USD |
||
|
|
Gender |
|
|
|
|
Men |
Women |
Overall |
|
North Central ab |
56651.11 |
49868.26 |
54629.69 |
|
Northeastern ab |
53718.17 |
48846.82 |
52208.60 |
|
South Central ab |
66823.04 |
53524.16 |
63060.01 |
|
Southeastern ab |
63480.63 |
51303.90 |
60512.04 |
|
Western a |
49882.24 |
47417.19 |
48937.06 |
aIn these jurisdictions, there was a statistically significant difference in clergywomen and clergymen’s 2015 salaries.
bIn jurisdictions, gender was still a significant predictor of salary, even when length of service, current age, and membership type were held steady.
|
Table 3 Average Total Compensation of U.S. Clergymen and Clergywomen, by Jurisdiction, 2015 |
|||
|
|
Average Overall Compensation (USD) |
||
|
|
Gender |
|
|
|
|
Men |
Women |
Overall |
|
North Central ab |
71632.96 |
62775.98 |
68993.41 |
|
Northeastern ab |
68594.77 |
62629.85 |
66746.40 |
|
South Central ab |
85235.66 |
68451.01 |
80486.30 |
|
Southeastern ab |
79764.05 |
64354.02 |
76007.20 |
|
Western a |
69367.18 |
65132.97 |
67743.65 |
aIn these jurisdictions, there was a statistically significant difference in clergywomen and clergymen’s overall compensation (i.e., salary, housing, and/or parsonage).
bIn these jurisdictions, gender was still a significant predictor of overall compensation, even when length of service, current age, and membership type were held steady.
|
Table 4 Average Housing Allowance of U.S. Clergymen and Clergywomen, by Jurisdiction, 2015 |
|||
|
|
Average Housing Allowance, USD |
||
|
|
Gender |
|
|
|
|
Men |
Women |
Overall |
|
North Central ab |
19432.41 |
16415.99 |
18571.35 |
|
Northeastern |
21022.80 |
19542.94 |
20509.31 |
|
South Central ab |
23151.93 |
18207.63 |
21717.87 |
|
Southeastern ab |
19577.78 |
16256.17 |
18765.83 |
|
Western a |
23484.11 |
21383.96 |
22713.69 |
aIn these jurisdictions, there was a statistically significant difference in clergywomen and clergymen’s 2015 housing allowance.
bIn these jurisdictions, gender was still a significant predictor of the housing allowance, even when length of service, current age, and membership type were held steady.
|
Table 5 Parsonage of U.S. Clergymen and Clergywomen, by Jurisdiction, 2015 |
|||
|
|
Average Parsonage, USD |
||
|
|
Gender |
|
|
|
|
Men |
Women |
Overall |
|
North Central ab |
13893.69 |
12568.59 |
13502.53 |
|
Northeastern ab |
13311.19 |
12130.36 |
12964.78 |
|
South Central ab |
15508.50 |
13527.56 |
14978.81 |
|
Southeastern ab |
15350.34 |
13323.44 |
14895.77 |
|
Western |
12326.11 |
12145.86 |
12250.60 |
aIn these jurisdictions, there was a statistically significant difference in clergywomen and clergymen’s parsonage.
bIn these jurisdictions, gender was still a significant predictor of parsonage, even when length of service, current age, and membership type were held steady.
|
Table 6 Salaries of U.S. Clergymen and Clergywomen, by Conference, 2015 (N=11,235) |
|||
|
|
Average Salary (USD) |
||
|
|
Gender |
|
|
|
|
Men |
Women |
Total |
|
ALABAMA-WEST FLORIDA a |
68954.60 |
51270.00 |
65590.21 |
|
ALASKA UNITED METHODIST |
57280.25 |
46871.75 |
53810.75 |
|
ARKANSAS ab |
69483.28 |
51914.73 |
65498.66 |
|
BALTIMORE-WASHINGTON a |
58042.24 |
53977.64 |
56353.43 |
|
CALIFORNIA-NEVADA |
53017.76 |
52915.31 |
52975.85 |
|
CALIFORNIA-PACIFIC |
51319.45 |
49440.36 |
50745.50 |
|
CENTRAL TEXAS a |
71897.72 |
55205.94 |
67033.26 |
|
DAKOTAS a |
53940.90 |
46971.00 |
51866.52 |
|
DESERT SOUTHWEST |
48956.94 |
47252.85 |
48287.48 |
|
DETROIT |
55753.37 |
52642.71 |
54801.88 |
|
EAST OHIO ab |
47092.08 |
41595.47 |
45654.15 |
|
EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA a |
55090.06 |
48905.26 |
53192.45 |
|
FLORIDA ab |
66456.69 |
55214.82 |
63767.60 |
|
GREAT PLAINS ab |
69731.47 |
63323.97 |
67549.78 |
|
GREATER NEW JERSEY a |
54390.64 |
48752.29 |
52813.81 |
|
HOLSTON ab |
57543.55 |
48631.10 |
55501.79 |
|
ILLINOIS GREAT RIVERS ab |
74116.76 |
63426.91 |
71401.88 |
|
INDIANA ab |
61056.60 |
52139.76 |
59293.10 |
|
IOWA a |
56550.45 |
51853.98 |
54769.03 |
|
KENTUCKY a |
52290.24 |
42642.18 |
50682.23 |
|
LOUISIANA a |
65102.52 |
50547.55 |
60999.78 |
|
MEMPHIS a |
58910.74 |
50601.96 |
57072.51 |
|
MINNESOTA |
48516.46 |
46496.20 |
47696.20 |
|
MISSISSIPPI a |
58611.08 |
47415.66 |
56389.77 |
|
MISSOURI ab |
58757.29 |
47095.27 |
55472.22 |
|
NEW ENGLAND a |
52171.16 |
48445.42 |
50686.08 |
|
NEW MEXICO a |
61030.75 |
48797.54 |
58423.67 |
|
NEW YORK a |
56784.57 |
49644.23 |
54417.39 |
|
NORTH ALABAMA ab |
64123.32 |
48489.48 |
61243.40 |
|
NORTH CAROLINA a |
63996.57 |
52412.43 |
60956.22 |
|
NORTH GEORGIA ab |
69562.95 |
50248.50 |
64402.96 |
|
NORTH TEXAS ab |
67851.31 |
47920.87 |
60569.03 |
|
NORTHERN ILLINOIS |
52629.80 |
50258.75 |
51719.70 |
|
NORTHWEST TEXAS |
56319.52 |
54613.30 |
56092.03 |
|
OKLAHOMA a |
65756.96 |
53634.14 |
62789.13 |
|
OREGON IDAHO |
45547.87 |
41981.91 |
43963.00 |
|
PACIFIC NORTHWEST |
48943.95 |
46807.57 |
47895.18 |
|
PENINSULA-DELAWARE |
50997.38 |
46796.47 |
49263.06 |
|
RIO TEXAS ab |
58655.46 |
49895.31 |
55626.69 |
|
ROCKY MOUNTAIN |
47404.68 |
41698.16 |
45167.73 |
|
SOUTH CAROLINA ab |
69444.80 |
56127.81 |
65703.17 |
|
SOUTH GEORGIA ab |
68143.20 |
54028.47 |
65682.17 |
|
SUSQUEHANNA ab |
58796.90 |
51084.45 |
57144.23 |
|
TENNESSEE a |
59862.32 |
48010.72 |
56661.03 |
|
TEXAS a |
73648.26 |
54863.08 |
69046.71 |
|
UPPER NEW YORK a |
49307.55 |
45947.14 |
47928.02 |
|
VIRGINIA ab |
57723.35 |
48473.28 |
55149.74 |
|
WEST MICHIGAN a |
55199.53 |
49533.55 |
53294.16 |
|
WEST OHIO ab |
52670.90 |
44561.53 |
50468.87 |
|
WEST VIRGINIA |
45413.03 |
41315.84 |
44469.44 |
|
WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA a |
66791.31 |
54923.75 |
63347.39 |
|
WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA a |
52123.49 |
45057.16 |
51132.29 |
|
WISCONSIN a |
54257.15 |
49080.95 |
52392.43 |
|
YELLOWSTONE |
41759.70 |
40435.57 |
41416.41 |
aIn these annual conference regions, there was a statistically significant difference in clergywomen and clergymen’s 2015 salaries.
bIn these annual conference regions, gender was still a significant predictor of salary, even when length of service, current age, and membership type were held steady.
|
Table 7 Total Compensation of U.S. Clergymen and Clergywomen, by Conference, 2015 (N=11,235) |
|||
|
|
Average Overall Compensation (USD) |
||
|
|
Gender |
|
|
|
|
Men |
Women |
Overall |
|
ALABAMA-WEST FLORIDA ab |
87352.64 |
63231.31 |
82763.70 |
|
ALASKA UNITED METHODIST b |
76547.38 |
61567.75 |
71554.17 |
|
ARKANSAS ab |
85603.45 |
64401.57 |
80794.78 |
|
BALTIMORE-WASHINGTON a |
78618.95 |
73876.52 |
76648.50 |
|
CALIFORNIA-NEVADA |
71069.22 |
70691.25 |
70914.60 |
|
CALIFORNIA-PACIFIC |
73302.52 |
70096.77 |
72323.36 |
|
CENTRAL TEXAS a |
89680.27 |
67977.10 |
83355.34 |
|
DAKOTAS a |
67857.29 |
57393.12 |
64742.95 |
|
DESERT SOUTHWEST |
71611.61 |
66824.42 |
69730.93 |
|
DETROIT |
70337.58 |
65616.13 |
68893.38 |
|
EAST OHIO ab |
59324.92 |
51333.11 |
57234.24 |
|
EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA a |
72881.25 |
62835.57 |
69799.06 |
|
FLORIDA ab |
85823.31 |
71741.46 |
82454.90 |
|
GREAT PLAINS ab |
86723.19 |
78532.10 |
83934.20 |
|
GREATER NEW JERSEY a |
68374.12 |
60503.65 |
66173.06 |
|
HOLSTON ab |
70580.65 |
59633.40 |
68072.73 |
|
ILLINOIS GREAT RIVERS ab |
91339.10 |
78060.52 |
87966.76 |
|
INDIANA ab |
77028.24 |
65695.10 |
74786.86 |
|
IOWA a |
69991.05 |
64499.12 |
67907.91 |
|
KENTUCKY a |
66703.37 |
53826.52 |
64557.23 |
|
LOUISIANA a |
82820.05 |
65172.79 |
77845.65 |
|
MEMPHIS a |
74887.11 |
64504.80 |
72590.14 |
|
MINNESOTA |
66777.78 |
63624.30 |
65497.42 |
|
MISSISSIPPI a |
74673.59 |
60649.52 |
71891.04 |
|
MISSOURI ab |
75321.87 |
60617.35 |
71179.75 |
|
NEW ENGLAND a |
65752.01 |
60371.96 |
63607.52 |
|
NEW MEXICO a |
78832.48 |
61007.08 |
75033.62 |
|
NEW YORK a |
71320.93 |
62640.56 |
68443.20 |
|
NORTH ALABAMA ab |
79731.81 |
60487.98 |
76186.89 |
|
NORTH CAROLINA a |
79525.47 |
65040.95 |
75723.88 |
|
NORTH GEORGIA ab |
89685.60 |
67513.63 |
83762.20 |
|
NORTH TEXAS a |
92040.18 |
67890.43 |
83216.24 |
|
NORTHERN ILLINOIS |
67876.64 |
63420.26 |
66166.11 |
|
NORTHWEST TEXAS |
73416.05 |
66479.90 |
72491.23 |
|
OKLAHOMA a |
81638.65 |
66572.73 |
77950.31 |
|
OREGON IDAHO |
60156.93 |
56076.16 |
58343.25 |
|
PACIFIC NORTHWEST |
64753.39 |
62143.50 |
63472.17 |
|
PENINSULA-DELAWARE a |
66615.00 |
60156.47 |
63948.63 |
|
RIO TEXAS a |
75014.49 |
63981.35 |
71199.84 |
|
ROCKY MOUNTAIN a |
68067.07 |
59879.37 |
64857.49 |
|
SOUTH CAROLINA ab |
85370.58 |
70067.62 |
81070.96 |
|
SOUTH GEORGIA ab |
84202.12 |
65271.79 |
80901.45 |
|
SUSQUEHANNA ab |
73709.13 |
63872.81 |
71601.35 |
|
TENNESSEE a |
76964.02 |
59603.94 |
72274.80 |
|
TEXAS a |
96451.10 |
71409.59 |
90317.01 |
|
UPPER NEW YORK a |
62304.86 |
57861.83 |
60480.88 |
|
VIRGINIA ab |
72661.23 |
60480.29 |
69272.18 |
|
WEST MICHIGAN a |
70219.13 |
61965.97 |
67443.73 |
|
WEST OHIO ab |
66822.80 |
55661.03 |
63791.93 |
|
WEST VIRGINIA |
56436.20 |
51737.00 |
55353.96 |
|
WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA ab |
82123.20 |
66361.61 |
77549.25 |
|
WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA a |
65160.11 |
55374.74 |
63787.50 |
|
WISCONSIN a |
69664.72 |
63382.86 |
67401.69 |
|
YELLOWSTONE |
55537.45 |
51499.29 |
54490.52 |
aIn these annual conference regions, there was a statistically significant difference in clergywomen and clergymen’s overall compensation (i.e., salary, housing, and/or parsonage).
bIn these annual conference regions, gender was still a significant predictor of overall compensation, even when length of service, current age, and membership type were held steady.
|
Table 8 Housing Allowances of U.S. Clergymen and Clergywomen, by Conference, 2015 (N=3880) |
|||
|
|
Average Housing Allowance, USD |
||
|
|
Gender |
|
|
|
|
Men |
Women |
Overall |
|
ALABAMA-WEST FLORIDA ab |
21037.99 |
14322.82 |
20009.54 |
|
ALASKA UNITED METHODIST |
32000.00 |
24000.00 |
30000.00 |
|
ARKANSAS a |
18301.47 |
14256.52 |
17278.05 |
|
BALTIMORE-WASHINGTON |
23402.16 |
23747.27 |
23541.26 |
|
CALIFORNIA-NEVADA |
22876.75 |
21661.68 |
22390.73 |
|
CALIFORNIA-PACIFIC |
26151.72 |
25332.65 |
25916.24 |
|
CENTRAL TEXAS a |
22498.86 |
15490.82 |
20910.37 |
|
DAKOTAS |
18481.56 |
17622.50 |
18325.36 |
|
DESERT SOUTHWEST |
23554.51 |
20765.48 |
22490.28 |
|
DETROIT a |
19479.85 |
11672.29 |
16747.20 |
|
EAST OHIO a |
16825.11 |
11087.50 |
15513.66 |
|
EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA ab |
21687.05 |
16393.92 |
20140.74 |
|
FLORIDA a |
27655.07 |
23250.11 |
26735.35 |
|
GREAT PLAINS a |
18484.68 |
15679.26 |
17495.89 |
|
GREATER NEW JERSEY |
20049.36 |
4800.00 |
19032.73 |
|
HOLSTON a |
14427.95 |
11951.60 |
13932.68 |
|
ILLINOIS GREAT RIVERS |
16056.11 |
12625.00 |
15232.64 |
|
INDIANA |
21123.06 |
17160.75 |
20462.68 |
|
IOWA |
16048.17 |
15056.58 |
15651.53 |
|
KENTUCKY |
20311.87 |
17839.78 |
19914.57 |
|
LOUISIANA a |
21025.87 |
16336.05 |
19508.57 |
|
MEMPHIS |
18685.93 |
15069.14 |
17765.29 |
|
MINNESOTA a |
22401.72 |
19513.59 |
21091.99 |
|
MISSISSIPPI ab |
21338.73 |
15216.71 |
19660.11 |
|
MISSOURI ab |
22188.80 |
16091.28 |
20283.33 |
|
NEW ENGLAND |
17524.00 |
13446.00 |
16582.92 |
|
NEW MEXICO |
24122.07 |
22800.00 |
24033.93 |
|
NEW YORK |
23448.09 |
17782.43 |
21244.78 |
|
NORTH ALABAMA |
18629.02 |
14025.69 |
17722.30 |
|
NORTH CAROLINA ab |
18264.57 |
14649.44 |
17203.61 |
|
NORTH GEORGIA a |
22681.27 |
19611.93 |
21809.58 |
|
NORTH TEXAS a |
28065.38 |
22895.61 |
26135.33 |
|
NORTHERN ILLINOIS a |
22647.93 |
16636.91 |
20994.90 |
|
NORTHWEST TEXAS |
27259.37 |
17133.33 |
25878.55 |
|
OKLAHOMA |
16725.81 |
15049.81 |
16410.33 |
|
OREGON IDAHO |
17771.13 |
16222.45 |
17050.81 |
|
PACIFIC NORTHWEST |
19159.58 |
19458.30 |
19298.64 |
|
PENINSULA-DELAWARE |
19306.14 |
16059.67 |
18062.81 |
|
RIO TEXAS |
19675.19 |
19095.00 |
19489.23 |
|
ROCKY MOUNTAIN |
23660.57 |
21187.00 |
22746.42 |
|
SOUTH CAROLINA |
16329.72 |
15040.14 |
15970.59 |
|
SOUTH GEORGIA a |
17258.97 |
11750.00 |
16184.05 |
|
SUSQUEHANNA |
17674.82 |
17273.00 |
17614.55 |
|
TENNESSEE a |
19221.51 |
14193.30 |
17863.89 |
|
TEXAS a |
31864.78 |
20679.59 |
28876.95 |
|
UPPER NEW YORK a |
17748.33 |
13221.50 |
15822.02 |
|
VIRGINIA |
17677.28 |
16334.55 |
17313.03 |
|
WEST MICHIGAN |
18810.50 |
16500.00 |
18553.78 |
|
WEST OHIO a |
18161.64 |
14071.06 |
17122.23 |
|
WEST VIRGINIA |
7800.00 |
16000.00 |
9850.00 |
|
WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA |
15915.94 |
14101.65 |
15479.95 |
|
WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA |
15729.58 |
17733.33 |
16130.33 |
|
WISCONSIN |
18601.00 |
18489.63 |
18559.88 |
|
YELLOWSTONE |
18692.78 |
16333.33 |
18102.92 |
aIn these annual conference regions, there was a statistically significant difference in clergywomen and clergymen’s 2015 housing allowance.
bIn these annual conference regions, gender was still a significant predictor of the housing allowance, even when length of service, current age, and membership type were held steady.
|
Table 9 Parsonage of U.S. Clergymen and Clergywomen, by Conference, 2015 (N=6,984) |
|||
|
|
Average Parsonage, USD |
||
|
|
Gender |
|
|
|
|
Men |
Women |
Overall |
|
ALABAMA-WEST FLORIDA |
15601.51 |
13937.69 |
15288.32 |
|
ALASKA UNITED METHODIST |
11627.40 |
11594.67 |
11615.13 |
|
ARKANSAS ab |
15461.87 |
12501.70 |
14887.08 |
|
BALTIMORE-WASHINGTON |
14118.33 |
13112.06 |
13687.07 |
|
CALIFORNIA-NEVADA |
13334.35 |
13433.06 |
13377.94 |
|
CALIFORNIA-PACIFIC |
13095.98 |
12689.48 |
12955.27 |
|
CENTRAL TEXAS |
15791.26 |
13856.61 |
15153.96 |
|
DAKOTAS |
13094.66 |
11858.32 |
12754.22 |
|
DESERT SOUTHWEST |
12081.50 |
10915.75 |
11498.63 |
|
DETROIT |
13978.09 |
13475.27 |
13829.60 |
|
EAST OHIO ab |
11472.58 |
10300.68 |
11175.14 |
|
EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA |
13866.24 |
12538.27 |
13455.20 |
|
FLORIDA a |
15972.50 |
14116.34 |
15494.94 |
|
GREAT PLAINS ab |
16999.45 |
15598.37 |
16530.02 |
|
GREATER NEW JERSEY a |
13613.64 |
12635.90 |
13336.24 |
|
HOLSTON |
13274.04 |
12235.02 |
13038.16 |
|
ILLINOIS GREAT RIVERS ab |
18329.58 |
15650.93 |
17644.34 |
|
INDIANA ab |
14405.87 |
12978.43 |
14109.19 |
|
IOWA a |
13954.06 |
13128.08 |
13643.77 |
|
KENTUCKY |
12271.62 |
11584.72 |
12179.35 |
|
LOUISIANA |
15222.70 |
14159.28 |
14980.41 |
|
MEMPHIS |
14540.86 |
12418.45 |
14116.38 |
|
MINNESOTA a |
12180.13 |
10925.80 |
11779.81 |
|
MISSISSIPPI |
15229.23 |
13896.86 |
15013.37 |
|
MISSOURI a |
13831.54 |
12030.68 |
13356.89 |
|
NEW ENGLAND a |
13062.01 |
12065.57 |
12652.62 |
|
NEW MEXICO a |
15199.24 |
12356.73 |
14504.40 |
|
NEW YORK a |
14167.06 |
12375.91 |
13570.01 |
|
NORTH ALABAMA a |
15205.09 |
12369.35 |
14720.03 |
|
NORTH CAROLINA a |
15068.12 |
13089.52 |
14603.76 |
|
NORTH GEORGIA a |
16582.39 |
13228.46 |
15781.77 |
|
NORTH TEXAS |
14599.61 |
13085.17 |
14112.82 |
|
NORTHERN ILLINOIS |
13223.35 |
12769.83 |
13036.09 |
|
NORTHWEST TEXAS |
13185.47 |
11211.00 |
12953.18 |
|
OKLAHOMA a |
15643.13 |
13399.49 |
15059.78 |
|
OREGON IDAHO |
10976.63 |
10547.25 |
10792.61 |
|
PACIFIC NORTHWEST |
11655.28 |
11644.85 |
11649.96 |
|
PENINSULA-DELAWARE a |
12930.88 |
11560.22 |
12324.20 |
|
RIO TEXAS ab |
13848.21 |
11843.73 |
13155.07 |
|
ROCKY MOUNTAIN |
11001.56 |
11368.07 |
11168.15 |
|
SOUTH CAROLINA ab |
17021.08 |
14854.15 |
16416.58 |
|
SOUTH GEORGIA a |
16660.66 |
14413.65 |
16341.94 |
|
SUSQUEHANNA ab |
14676.55 |
12770.84 |
14260.36 |
|
TENNESSEE |
15374.92 |
13471.83 |
15006.58 |
|
TEXAS a |
16985.52 |
13952.30 |
16313.21 |
|
UPPER NEW YORK a |
12360.67 |
11665.19 |
12069.18 |
|
VIRGINIA a |
14203.75 |
12116.25 |
13685.68 |
|
WEST MICHIGAN a |
13235.65 |
12083.77 |
12766.86 |
|
WEST OHIO ab |
12544.66 |
11048.38 |
12152.49 |
|
WEST VIRGINIA |
11376.39 |
10555.67 |
11188.20 |
|
WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA ab |
16626.58 |
13501.63 |
15753.85 |
|
WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA a |
13001.15 |
11593.26 |
12838.43 |
|
WISCONSIN a |
13295.79 |
12055.00 |
12873.39 |
|
YELLOWSTONE |
10732.00 |
9482.00 |
10443.54 |
aIn these annual conference regions, there was a statistically significant difference in clergywomen and clergymen’s parsonage.
bIn these annual conference regions, gender was still a significant predictor of parsonage, even when length of service, current age, and membership type were held steady.